노동절 맞은 이주노동자들의 외침 "강제노동 철폐하고, 노동허가제 도입하라"

노동절을 맞아 4월 30일 오후 2시 서울 용산역 광장에서 ‘2023 세계노동절, 강제노동철폐! 이주노동자 메이데이 집회’가 열렸다. 집회에는 필리핀, 네팔, 방글라네시 등에서 온 이주노동자들과 이들의 요구를 지지하는 한국인들 200여명이 모였다.

집회 참여자들은 "정부가 전 산업에 걸쳐 이주노동자를 확대하겠다고 했지만 기숙사 환경, 산재 문제, 열악한 임금과 노동조건 등 착취와 차별을 근본적으로 개선할 정책은 없다"고 지적했다. 이들은 “정부가 2021년 국제노동기구(ILO) 협약 29호인 강제노동금지협약을 비준”했으니 이를 지키라고 요구했다. 현재 한국은 취업비자 이주노동자들에게 사업장 변경의 자유가 제한되어 있으며, 이는 노동자의 의사에 반하는 강제노동에 해당한다.

우다야 라이 이주노조 위원장은 "이주노동자들은 노동절에 쉴 수 없어 일요일인 오늘 노동절 집회를 한다"며 "한국 사회에서 앞으로 늘어날 이주노동자들에게도 같은 사람, 같은 노동자로서 동등한 권리를 보장해야 한다"고 강조했다. 또한 “고용허가제 제정 20년 동안 노동자의 권리는 후퇴하고 사업주의 권리만 강화한다”며, 노동자들의 사업장 이동의 자유를 보장하는 노동허가제를 실시해야 한다고 주장했다.

인천 서구의 한 닭고기 가공회사에서 일하고 있는 제조업 네팔 노동자 샨티는 “너무 추운 곳에서 하루 종일 손에 힘을 주면서 일을 하다가” 병에 걸려 치료를 받고 있지만 회복되지 않아 사업장 변경을 요구했지만, 사업주는 사업장 변경에 동의하지 않고 오히려 괴롭히고 월급도 제대로 주지 않는 현실을 폭로했다.

민주노총의 박희은 부위원장은 “단 한명의 이주노동자도 차별과 혐오, 강제노동으로 죽지 않는 그런 하루하루를 만들기 위해 민주노총도 함께 하겠”다는 발언으로 큰 박수를 받았다.

마지막 발언자로 나선 필리핀 노동자 공동체 카사마코 카를로 대표의 말처럼 “자본주의 체제는 항상 노동자들을 인간이 아니라 단지 일회용품처럼 취급하”지만, “우리의 기본권과 이익, 복지 쟁취를 위해 다른 진보적이고 전투적인 한국의 노동자들과 함께 싸우고자 하는 이주노동자들이” 있다는 점을 확인하는 자리였다.

참가자들은 삼각지역까지 행진해 대통령실에 다음과 같은 요구안을 담은 항의 서한을 전달했다.

주요 요구 Main Demands

• ILO국제협약준수하고 강제노동금지하라! Comply with ILO Convention and Prohibit Forced Labor!
• 이주노동자 사업장 이동의 자유 보장하라! 노동허가제 실시하라! Free Job Change! Change EPS into Work Permit System!
• 모든 이주민, 이주노동자 인권과 노동권을 보장하라! Guarantee Human & Labor Rights of All Migrant Workers!
• 숙식비 강제징수지침 폐기하고 인간다운 기숙사 보장하라! Abolish Deduction guideline of Accommodation fee and Guarantee Decent Accommodations!
• 농어업노동자 차별하는 근로기준법 63조 폐기하고 노동권 보장하라! Abolish the Article 63 of the Labor Standards Law! Guarantee the Workers Rights in Agribusiness&Fishery sectors!
• 임금체불 근절하라! 퇴직금은 국내에서 지급하라! Eradicate wage theft! Give Severance Pay in Korea!
• 이주여성노동자 성차별 성폭력 근절하라! Eradicate Gender-based Discrimination and Violence on Women Migrant Workers!
• 이주노동자 산재예방 근본대책 마련하고 모든 이주노동자 산재보험 적용하라! Make Countermeasures against Industrial accident death! Cover all Migrant Workers with Industrial Accident Insurance!
• 미등록 노동자 강제단속 중단하고 체류권 보장하라! Stop Crackdown and Guarantee the Right to Stay of Undocumented Migrant Workers!

이주노동자 메이데이 대회 선언문

아래는 이주노동자노동조합에서 4개 국어로 배포한 당일 선언문이다.

• ILO국제협약준수하고 강제노동금지하라! 사업장 이동의 자유 쟁취! 노동허가제 실시! 인간답게 살 수 있는 기숙사 보장!

한국 사회와 경제의 필요에 의해 이주노동자들이 한국에서 본격적으로 일하며 살아온 지 30년이 훨씬 넘었다. 현재 220만 명의 이주민들이 있고 그 가운데 120만 명 이상이 이주노동자들이다. 또한 만성적인 산업현장의 인력난으로 인해 윤석열 정부는 올해 고용허가제 입국 쿼터를 사상 최대인 11만명으로 정하는 등 이주노동자를 대폭 늘릴 계획이다. 그러나 이렇게 이주노동자를 확대하면서도 열악한 임금과 노동조건, 임시가건물 기숙사 환경, 산재 문제 등 착취와 차별을 근본적으로 개선할 정책이 없다. 권리 보장은 없이 이주노동자 숫자만 늘리는 정부 정책을 규탄하지 않을 수 없다. 심지어 일각에서는 시대에 역행하여, 반값 이주가사노동자라는 성·인종차별적인 법안을 내놓고 있는 한심한 행태를 보이고 있다. 이주노동자는 아무리 오래 일해도 노예노동 상태에 머물러야 하는 것인가!

한국정부가 비준하여 2022년부터 효력이 생긴 ILO(국제노동기구) 29호 강제노동금지협약에서 강제노동은 “처벌의 위협 하에서 강요받거나, 자발적으로 제공하는 것이 아닌 모든 노동이나 서비스”를 의미한다. 고용허가제(E-9), 선원(E-10), 계절근로(E-8), 특정전문인력(E-7), 예술·흥행(E-6), 회화지도(E-2) 등 대부분의 취업비자 이주노동자가 고용주 동의 없이 사업장 변경이 어려워서 사업장 변경의 자유가 제한되어 있다. 이는 비자라는 무기를 쥐고 정부와 고용주가, 노동자의 의사에 반하여 강제하는 사실상의 강제노동에 해당한다. 또한 ILO 협약뿐 아니라 UN 자유권 협약, 사회권 협약, 인종차별철폐 협약에도 위배된다. 사업장 변경 제한을 하루 빨리 폐지하고 노동권을 보장하는 노동허가제를 실시해야 한다. 우리는 강제노동금지협약에 근거해서 올해 ILO에 의견서를 내고 강력히 문제제기할 것이다.

그리고 이주노동자의 건강과 안전을 위협하는 임시가건물 기숙사를 금지하여 인간답게 살 수 있는 주거환경을 보장해야 한다. 더 이상 컨테이너, 샌드위치패널 등 사람이 살 수 없는 임시가건물이 기숙사로 쓰여서는 안된다. 내국인에 비해 세 배가 높은 이주노동자 산재 사망 문제에 대해서도 근본대책을 세워야 한다. 특히 가장 열악한 상황에 있는 미등록 이주노동자들의 체류권 보장 등 권리 개선이 시급하다.

133주년 세계노동절을 맞이하여 강제노동을 철폐하고 모든 이주노동자의 권리를 보장할 것을 강력히 촉구한다.

2023년 4월 30일 2023 세계 노동절- 강제노동철폐! 이주노동자 메이데이 대회 참가단체 일동

International Workers’ Day of 2023 - End Forced Labour! Migrant Workers’ May Day Declaration

Comply with ILO Conventions & Prohibit Forced Labour!

Achieve Freedom to Transfer Workplaces! Implement the Work Permit System!

Guarantee Dormitories Where People Can Live Like Human Beings!

It has been well over 30 years since migrant workers were invited to work and live in South Korea, invited by the needs of South Korea’s economy. Currently, there are 2.2 million migrants in South Korea, of which more than 1.2 million are migrant workers. In addition, due to chronic labor shortages at industrial sites, the Yoon administration plans to significantly increase this number by setting an all-time high maximum quota of 110,000 for the employment permit system this year. However, there are no policies planned to fundamentally improve the situations migrant workers find themselves in: from poor wages and atrocious working conditions to being forced to live in temporary buildings and dying from workplace accidents; all in all, the exploitation and discrimination of migrant workers persists. We have no choice but to condemn the government's policy of increasing the number of migrant workers without ensuring their rights are guaranteed. Some politicians have gone so far as to introduce a sexist and racist bill called the Half-Price Migrant Worker Bill. Must migrant workers be doomed to remain in slavery no matter how long they work?

According to the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 29(Forced Labour Convention), which was ratified by the Korean government and became effective in 2022, forced labor is defined as "all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily." Most migrants on work visas, including those in the employment permit system (E-9), seafarers (E-10), seasonal workers (E-8), specialty workers (E-7), arts and entertainment (E-6), and painting and teaching (E-2), face limits to their freedom to change workplaces without employer consent. This amounts to de-facto forced labor, where the government and employers weaponise the visa to force workers to work against their will. It violates not only ILO conventions, but also the UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The restrictions on changing workplaces should be abolished as soon as possible while a work permit system that guarantees labor rights should be implemented. We will be submitting statements to the ILO this year under the Forced Labor Convention.

Banning temporary dormitories that threaten the health and safety of migrant workers is required in order to guarantee decent living conditions. Uninhabitable temporary buildings such as containers and sandwich panels should no longer be allowed to be used for living quarters. Another pressing issue is that of migrant worker deaths from workplace accidents, which is three times higher than those of Korean nationals. Furthermore, improving the rights of undocumented migrant workers, especially those that are most precarious, for example, by guaranteeing their rights to residence, is of utmost urgency.

On the 133rd International Workers’ Day, we strongly call for the abolition of forced labor and the guaranteeing of the rights of all migrant workers.

April 30th, 2023

On behalf of all participants of International Workers’ Day of 2023 - End Forced Labour! Migrant Workers’ MayDay

(네팔어) २०२३ प्रवासी श्रमिक अन्तराष्ट्रिय मे दिबस ,जबर्जस्ति श्रम गराउन बन्द गर धोषणा पत्र .

ILO माहासंधिको पालना गर.जबर्जस्ति काम लगाउन निषेध गर .

स्वइच्छाले कार्यस्थल परिबर्तन गर्न पाउने अधिकार सुनिस्चित गर . इपिएस खारेज गरी कार्य अनुमति प्रणाली लागु गर.मानिस बस्न मिल्ने अबासको ब्याबस्था गर .

कोरियन समाज र कम्पनिहरुमा आवाश्यक भएर प्रवासी श्रमिकहरु आएर काम गरी जिउन थालेको ३० बर्ष नाघी सकेको छ.हाल २२ लाख प्रवासीहरु छन यो मध्ये १२ लाख भन्दा बढी प्रवासी श्रमिक छन. कम्पनिमा श्रमिकको अभावको कारण इपिएस अन्तर्गत प्रवासी श्रमिकको कोटा १ लाख १० हजार तोकेर प्रवासी सख्या धेरै बढाउने योजना छ. तर यसरि प्रवासी श्रमिक बढाए पनि नाजुक तलब र कार्यस्थल, कन्टेनर जस्तो नाजुक आवाश ,औधोगिक दुर्घटना समस्या लगायत शोषण ,भेदभाब सुधार गर्ने कुनै नीति छैन. अधिकार सुनिस्चित नगरी प्रवासी श्रमिकको सख्या मात्र बृद्दी गर्ने सरकारको नीतिको बिरोध गर्दछौ.यतिसम्म कि केहिले यो युगमा

मेल नखाने गरि आधि तलबमा घरको काम गर्ने प्रवासी श्रमिक ल्याउने भनि जातीय भेदभाब पूर्ण मन्तब्य दिनु दुखदाई कुरा हो .प्रवासी श्रमिक लामो समयदेखि काम गरे पनि दास भएर बस्नु पर्ने हो ?

कोरियन सरकारले अनुमोदन गरेर २०२२ देखि लागु हुने ILO माहासन्धि २९ जबरजस्ती काम लगाउन निषेध माहासन्धिमा जबरजस्ती काम लगाउने भनेको “सजाय पाउछ भन्ने डर देखाएर काम गर्न कर गर्ने ,स्वईच्छाले नगरेको काम वा सेवा” भनी परिभाषित गरेको छ.रोजगार अनुमति प्रणाली (ई९) मत्स्यपालन(ई१०) मौषमी श्रमिक(ई८) बिशेष दक्ष (ई७) कला प्रदर्शन (ई६),अंग्रेजी शिक्षक(ई२) लगायात सबै भिषाको प्रवासी श्रमिकले मालिकको अनुमति बिना कार्यस्थल परिबर्तन गर्न नपाउने हुनाले कार्यस्थल परिबर्तन गर्न गाह्रो भई रहेको छ.यो भिषालाई हतियार बनाएर कम्पनी मालिक र सरकारले प्रवासी श्रमिकको इच्छा बिपरित काम लगाउनु बास्तबमा जबरजस्ती काम लगाउनु हो.ILO (International Labor Organization) माहासन्धि मात्र नभएर संगुक्त राष्ट्र संघको स्वतन्त्रता अधिकार माहासन्धि, सामाजिक अधिकार माहासन्धि,जातीय भेदभाब निर्मुल माहासन्धि पनि उलंघन भई रहेको छ.स्वइच्छाले कार्यस्थल परिबर्तनमा लगाइएको रोक तुरुन्त हटाई सबै अधिकार सुनिस्चित हुने कार्य अनुमति प्रणाली लागु गर्नु पर्छ. हामि जबरजस्ती काम लगाउन निषेध माहासन्धिलाई अधार मानि अन्तराष्ट्रिय मजदुर संगठन(ILO),मा हाम्रो माग राखी कडा रुपमा प्रस्तुत हुनेछौ.

प्रवासी श्रमिकको सुरक्षा र स्वास्थ्यलाई खतरामा पार्ने अस्थाई कन्टेनरहरु आवासको रुपमा प्रयोग गर्नु बन्द गरि आवास सम्बन्धि अधिकार सुनिस्चित गर्नु पर्नेछ.अब उप्रान्त कन्टेनर ,पेनालाने जोडेर बनाएको घर प्रवासी श्रमिकको आवासको रुपमा प्रयोग गर्न हुदैन. कोरियन श्रमिकको तुलानामा ३औ गुना बढी प्रवासी श्रमिकको औधोगिक दुर्घटनाबाट हुने मृत्युको समस्या समाधान गर्न आधारभूत योजना ल्याउनु पर्नेछ .बिशेष गरेर अति नाजुक अवस्थामा रहेको बिना भिषा बसोबास गरेको प्रवावी श्रमिकलाई भिषा दिनु पर्नेछ .

१३३ औ अन्तराष्ट्रिय श्रमिक दिबस (मेडे)को अवसरमा जबरजस्ती काम गर्नबाट मुक्त गराई सबै प्रवासी श्रमिकको अधिकार सुनिस्चित गर्न जोडदार माग गर्दछौ /

२०२३-४-३०

२०२३ अन्तराष्ट्रिय श्रमिक दिबस(मेडे) जबरजस्ती श्रम निर्मुल प्रवासी श्रमिक मे दे कार्यक्रम आयोजकहरु.

২০২৩আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রম দিবস জোরপূর্বক শ্রম বন্ধ করুন!

(방글라데시어) অভিবাসী শ্রমিক মে দিবসের বিবৃতি

জোরপূর্বক শ্রম বন্ধ করুন!আইএলও আন্তর্জাতিক কনভেনশন মেনে নিয়ে অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের বাধ্যতামূলক শ্রম নিষিদ্ধ করুন!অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের কর্মক্ষেত্র পরিবর্তনের স্বাধীনতা!ওয়ার্ক পারমিট সিস্টেমের বাস্তবায়ন!মানুষের বসবাস যোগ্য ভালো আবাসনের ব্যবস্থা করুন!

৩০বছরেরও বেশি সময় ধরে কোরিয়ান সমাজ এবং অর্থনীতির প্রয়োজনের অভিবাসী শ্রমিকরা কোরিয়াতে কাজ করে আসছে । বর্তমানে ২.২মিলিয়ন অভিবাসী রয়েছে, যার মধ্যে ১.২মিলিয়নেরও বেশি অভিবাসী শ্রমিক। উপরন্তু, শিল্প সাইটগুলিতে দীর্ঘস্থায়ী শ্রমের ঘাটতির কারণে, ইউন সিওক-ইওল সরকার এই বছর ই,পি,এস শ্রমিকের কোটা ১১০০০০নির্ধারণ করে অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের সংখ্যা ব্যাপকভাবে বৃদ্ধি করার পরিকল্পনা করেছে, যা এখন পর্যন্ত সবচেয়ে বড় সংখ্যা। অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের সংখ্যা ব্যাপকভাবে বৃদ্ধি করার সময়, কম মজুরি এবং, অস্থায়ী ভবনে আবাসন ব্যবস্থা এবং শিল্প দুর্ঘটনার মতো মৌলিক বিষয় গুলোর উন্নত করার কোনো নীতি গ্রহণ না করে । অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের অধিকারের নিশ্চয়তা না দিয়ে সরকার শুধুমাত্র অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি করে যাচ্ছে এমনকি কিমি. বেতনে অভিবাসী গৃহকর্মী নিয়ে আসার জন্য নতুন আইন বানানো চেষ্টা করছে। অভিবাসী শ্রমিকরা যতদিন কোরিয়াতে কাজ করে যাবে তাদের কি দাস হয়ে থাকতে হবে?

ILO (আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রম সংস্থা) কনভেনশন নং 29 অন দ্য প্রোহিবিশন অফ ফোর্সড লেবার, কোরিয়ান সরকার দ্বারা অনুমোদিত হয় এবং ২০২২সাল থেকে করার কার্যকর কথা, ILO (আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রম সংস্থা) কনভেনশনে উল্লেখ করা আছে যে "যে কোন শ্রম বা পরিষেবা শাস্তির বা হুমকিতে বাধ্য করা যাবে না।" এমপ্লয়মেন্ট পারমিট সিস্টেম (E-9), শ্রমিক (E-10), সিজনাল শ্রমিক (E-8), স্পেশালাইজড প্রফেশনালস শ্রমিক (E-7), আর্টস অ্যান্ড এন্টারটেইনমেন্ট (E-6), (E-2), শ্রমিক ইত্যাদি ভিসা আইন অনুযায়ী অভিবাসী শ্রমিকরা তাদের নিয়োগকর্তার সম্মতি ছাড়া কর্মক্ষেত্র পরিবর্তন করা কঠিন , কর্মক্ষেত্র পরিবর্তন করার স্বাধীনতা সীমিত। এটি প্রকৃতপক্ষে বাধ্যতামূলক শ্রমের সাথে মিলে যায়, যা সরকার এবং নিয়োগকর্তারা ভিসার অস্ত্র দিয়ে শ্রমিকদের ইচ্ছার বিরুদ্ধে কাজ করতে বাধ্য করে। এটি শুধুমাত্র আইএলও কনভেনশনই নয়, জাতিসংঘের মানবাধিকার সনদ, অর্থনৈতিক ও সামাজিক অধিকার সংক্রান্ত কনভেনশন এবং জাতিগত বৈষম্য দূরীকরণ সংক্রান্ত কনভেনশনও লঙ্ঘন করে। কর্মক্ষেত্র পরিবর্তনের উপর বিধিনিষেধ যত তাড়াতাড়ি সম্ভব বিলুপ্ত করা উচিত এবং শ্রম অধিকারের নিশ্চয়তা দেয় এমন একটি শ্রম অনুমতি ব্যবস্থা কার্যকর করা উচিত। বাধ্যতামূলক শ্রম নিষিদ্ধ করার কনভেনশনের উপর ভিত্তি করে, আমরা এই বছর আইএলওর কাছে একটি মতামত পেশ করব এবং একটি শক্তিশালী ইস্যু উত্থাপন করব।

এছাড়াও, অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের স্বাস্থ্য ও নিরাপত্তার জন্য অস্থায়ী ভবনের আবাসন নিষিদ্ধ করতে হবে এবং মানুষের মতো বসবাস করতে পারে তার নিশ্চয়তা দিতে হবে। অস্থায়ী বিল্ডিং যেগুলিতে মানুষ থাকতে পারে না, যেমন কনটেইনার এবং স্যান্ডউইচ প্যানেলগুলিকে দিয়ে বানানো আবাসন গুলো আর আবাসন হিসাবে ব্যবহার করা উচিত নয়৷ কোরিয়ান নাগরিকদের তুলনায় তিনগুণ বেশি অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের মৃত্যুর হারকে কমিয়ে আনার জন্যও ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করতে হবে। বিশেষ করে, অনথিভুক্ত অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের অধিকার উন্নত করা জরুরি, যারা সবচেয়ে খারাপ পরিস্থিতিতে রয়েছে, ১৩৩তম আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রম দিবস উপলক্ষে, আমরা জোরপূর্বক শ্রম বন্ধ করার এবং সমস্ত অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের অধিকারের নিশ্চয়তা দেওয়ার জন্য জোরালোভাবে আহ্বান জানাই।

৩০ই এপ্রিল, ২০২৩

২০২৩ বিশ্ব শ্রম দিবস - জোরপূর্বক শ্রম বন্ধ করুন! অভিবাসী শ্রমিকদের জন্য মে দিবসের অংশগ্রহণকারী সমস্ত সংগঠন

정리 : 민희

영어 선언문 번역 : 보리